The Role-Playing Brain: An fMRI Exploration of the Neural Foundation of Acting and Drama Therapy
The Role-Playing Brain
Lead Researchers: A Berceanu, S Brown, N Sajnani
Lead Institutions: NYU Steinhardt, National University of Theatre and Film Bucharest
Status: 2024-2026 (In-progress)
Type: Brain Imaging Study
Introduction
This study will explore the neural basis of fictional role playing, with the aim of comparing novices and professional actors, where a novice would represent the typical type of client in a drama therapy or psychodramatic setting. In addition, the study will examine potential brain differences between portraying familiar vs. fictional others in order to determine if psychodrama and drama therapy tap into similar or different neural mechanisms. The study will shed light on the brain mechanisms by which drama-based therapies are able to improve well-being.
Scope
A primary aim of this study is to establish a brain signature for acting in novices in order to complement previous functional MRI work on trained actors. The research team will examine role-playing in the brain by having participants in an MRI scanner answer hypothetical questions from either their own first-person (1P) perspective or from a fictional first-person (Fic1P) perspective.
This is a new field of inquiry for which there are relatively few studies. The study will provide novel insights into the neural basis of role playing. It will reveal the areas of the brain that change when a person attempts to impersonate a fictional character or a familiar individual. The study may have clinical implications for drama-based therapies by developing a deeper understanding of the specific brain processing that occurs during role play.
It is expected that the study will take place during the course of 2025, with pilot testing beginning in February, data collection occuring in March through August, and data analysis and the writing of a manuscript by December.
Insights and Deliverables
The research team will complete the fMRI study over the course of 2025. The principal findings of the fMRI study will be submitted to scientific research journals and presented at research conferences in fields such as cognitive neuroscience and drama therapy. Simultaneously, the team will embark on a systematic review of the literature to understand the key mechanisms and outcomes of role play and acting for mental health and well-being.
Project Team
Led by Dr Nisha Sajnani (JA&HL, NYU Steinhardt), Dr. Alexandru Berceanu (National University of Theatre and Film), and Dr. Steven Brown (McMaster University), the research team consists of members from the Jameel Arts & Health Lab and National University of Theatre and Film.

Nisha Sajnani (she/her) is a Professor and Director of the NYU Steinhardt Graduate Program in Drama Therapy, Chair of the NYU Creative Arts Therapies Consortium, and Founder of Arts & Health @ NYU. She also holds faculty roles at NYU Abu Dhabi, where she created the interdisciplinary course Can Art Save Lives?, linking arts’ health benefits with practice and policy; the NYU Stern School of Business, teaching improvisation and leadership; and the Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, lecturing on arts’ role in supporting displaced individuals’ wellbeing. She is a founding co-director of the Jameel Arts & Health Lab, established with the WHO to measurably improve lives through the arts.

Alexandru I. Berceanu, PhD in Theatre and MA in Neurobiology, is conducting interdisciplinary research at the intersection of theatre and neuroscience. His research is centered around aggressive and prosocial behaviors developing knowledge on how using drama and play can build emotion regulation and psychological well-being through theatrical representation. He was facilitator and developer of applied theatre projects in different contexts such as intergenerational trauma, drug-addiction or bullying. His results are published in international journals such as eNeuro, Frontiers in Psychology and NeuroImage, Psychophysiology. Alexandru is a director and an associate professor at the Animation and Interaction Department of UNATC IL Caragiale, Bucharest, Romania where he also teaches at the MA Community and Therapy Theatre for. He initiated the Research Centre CINETic at UNATC and the MA programs for Interactive Technologies and Game Design at the same university. His artistic work includes animation film, virtual reality, installations, graphic novel, performative installations along theatre and was presented nationally and internationally.

Steven Brown is the director of the NeuroArts Lab and an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. He got his Ph.D. in the Department of Genetics and Development at Columbia University in New York, and did postdoctoral research at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, and Simon Fraser University in Vancouver. His research deals with the neural basis of the arts, including music, dance, acting, storytelling, cinema, drawing, aesthetics, and creativity. He is author of “The Unification of the Arts” (Oxford University Press) and co-editor of “The Origins of Music” (MIT Press) and “Music and Manipulation” (Berghahn Books).

Elisabeth Bahr is a Post-Doctoral Research Associate at Jameel Arts & Health Lab bridging healthcare, research, and the arts. Her research explores intersections between creativity, the arts and well-being. Her background as an occupational therapist specializing in neurological conditions informs her approach to supporting neurodiverse populations. As a transdisciplinary artist, she integrates her clinical expertise with creative practices, developing arts-based health initiatives that offer support to patients and communities alike. She is concurrently pursuing a Master of Creative Writing and Literature degree at Harvard Extension School.

Sanjna Banerjee is a neuroscience researcher and theater worker. She completed her doctoral studies from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, where she studied perceptual attention and decision making in humans using transcranial magnetic stimulation. She has been engaged with theatre in Bangalore as writer, director, and performer for over 8 years. Sanjna is passionate about helping create new, interdisciplinary scaffolds of well being through bringing together the practice of art with scientific inquiry into the brain, mind, & social connections, and currently conducts research with the Foundation for Arts and Health India (FAHI).
Funding and Support
Support for this project was provided by the Ilse Melamid Health Equity Fund.

